Visitors have been experiencing art here since June 5, 1913
The Grange, c. 1880. Harriet and her second husband, William Goldwin Smith, entertained guests on what is now known as Grange Park.
With notes from Jenny Rieger, historical site coordinator of The Grange
A hundred years ago, if you came upon the site where the AGO now stands, you would have seen a beautiful home — The Grange. If you walked inside, you would have been part of something very exciting: the Art Museum of Toronto’s first exhibition in that space, featuring art collected by the people who owned and occupied the house.
Members of the local media had glowing things to say about the exhibition and the AMT’s new home: “The Museum will undoubtedly become of the most interesting show places in the city,” read the Telegram on June 5, 1913, while the next day the Toronto Daily Star declared, “It is the nucleus of an art museum which will doubtless grow, as time passes, to be a national treasure house.” The writer went then detailed plans for this bright future:
The Grange is not intended to be an art gallery, but rather the germ from which such a gallery will be evolved. The trustees propose soon to make a campaign for funds with which to commence building operations. The main front of the gallery will face on St. Patrick street, which will provide with its new car line easy access from the heart of the city. The widening of Anderson street will also greatly improve traffic conditions in the vicinity of the Gallery. The site is a noble one, and the great elms of the Grange will for generations provide a worthy background.
Toronto Daily Star, June 6, 1913.
The first exhibition held in The Grange in June 1913 was not the first exhibition organized by the Art Museum of Toronto (now the AGO). Between April 6 and May 31, 1906, the AMT held a exhibition of works by Glasgow Painters lent to them by the Albright Museum in Buffalo. In June of 1909, the AMT leased rooms in the newly built library on the corner of St. George St. and College streets for five years. The first exhibition held there was of works borrowed from private collections.
The June 1913 exhibition is special to us because it began 100 years of people experiencing art at this location on Dundas Street. It was never intended that The Grange be the art museum, although it was the site of many small exhibitions for years. There was always the intention to build a gallery to the north of The Grange and, indeed, the first wing of Walker Court was built in 1916.
The Boulton and Smith collections
The Grange, built in 1817 by D’Arcy Boulton Jr. and his wife Sarah Anne, was occupied by the same family until its last owner, Harriet Boulton Smith, died in 1909. Her second husband, Goldwin Smith, died a year later. The house had been in Harriet’s name since her marriage to William Boulton in 1846, and it was her decision to leave her home to the Art Museum of Toronto. When Harriet and Goldwin died, their art collection and The Grange became the property of the AMT.
While we know what works were owned by Goldwin Smith, unravelling the Boulton collection is more difficult. The Boulton family loaned a number of their paintings to various fundraising bazaars during the 19th century and the catalogues of those events identify paintings’ lenders by name. The difficulty is that they are listed simply as being owned by Mrs. Boulton without identifying if it is Mrs. D’Arcy Boulton (Sarah Anne) or Mrs. William Boulton (Harriet). We also don’t know where these mainly European works were acquired. There were art dealers in Toronto who sold European works and copies—copies being an acceptable form of art. Harriet and her first husband, William, spent an extended time in Europe in the late 1850s and, using the travel guides of the time, would have known what galleries and copyists to visit to purchase art. William’s father and brother were in England and continental Europe in the early part of the century and could have bought works then. But there are no records that can clarify the mystery.
Goldwin Smith with his pet terrier on lawn of The Grange , c.1905.
The works of art in Goldwin Smith’s collection are reflective of the era in which he lived. He commissioned portraits of famous 17th-century Puritans (John Milton, John Bunyan, Oliver Cromwell) from an artist named G. E. Sintzenich. In a purchasing catalogue for Sintzenich’s copies is a testimonial from Goldwin Smith stating how pleased his is with them. He notes that “the Portraits will hang where all my guests will see them, and I shall have the greatest pleasure in showing them to anyone who may call for the purpose.” They were hung in the dining room. Smith continued to collect copies and acquired a copy of Thomas Gainsborough’s famous The Blue Boy among others. Included in his collection are also originals. He had a series of watercolours of Reading (England) where he grew up and other works on paper and small oil paintings. Photographic copies of the Reading works (copies we made to protect the originals, which would fade over time) are currently hanging in The Grange library. The Boultons also had copies in their collection, including a Madonna after Titian and a detail from The Embarkation for Cythera by Jean-Antoine Watteau.
As any prominent family did at the time, the Boultons and Smith commissioned portraits. William’s portrait when he was mayor of Toronto and Harriet’s wedding portrait, both by George Berthon, are hanging in the AGO’s Canadian wing today. Born in Vienna, Berthon was the son of the court painter for Napoleon I and trained in studios throughout Europe. He moved to England and became the drawing master to Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel’s daughters. Berthon came to Toronto in 1846, and set up his studio at 61 Yonge St., very quickly becoming the most important portrait artist in the city.
While there is no portrait of the builder of The Grange, D’Arcy Boulton Jr, William’s mother, Sarah Anne, had her portrait painted by James Bowman. Bowman was an American artist who, after studying for eight years in Europe, moved to Quebec City in 1831. In 1834 he moved to Toronto where he spent a year painting portraits of important families.
Goldwin Smith and Harriet also had their portraits done by J. W. L. Forster. Forster was born in Norval, Ont., in 1850 and trained in England and France before returning and settling in Toronto in 1883. Canadian artist Wyly Grier also did a portrait of Smith. Canadian sculptor, Hamilton Plagenet McCarthy and Scottish sculptor Alexander Munro created busts of Smith (located today in The Grange library) and Walter Allward made his death mask. When Harriet was young, she and her family travelled for a year in Europe and a bust of her was done by the Italian sculptor Camillo Pirstrucci. It is on view in the front hall of The Grange.
The Grange as subject
The Boulton/Smith collection also included paintings of the house itself. Henry Bowyer Lane, who was born in England and moved to Toronto in 1842, was an architect known for designs of additions to Osgoode Hall, St. George the Martyr Church (now the Music Gallery) and numerous homes and churches. It is possible he was the architect for the 1840s addition to The Grange, as he was friends with the Boulton family. In 1847 he did a watercolour of The Grange that was shown in the 1847 Toronto Society of Artists exhibition. In 1875, Canadian artist Henri Perre also painted The Grange.
While the Boulton/Smith collection is largely made up of European works, the families did collect works by Canadian artists (in addition to the portraits mentioned above). Some of these are works on paper, including two lithographs of scenes from the War of 1812 and various watercolours. Continuing with the acquisition of copies, there is a copy of William Berczy’s portrait of Joseph Brant. In 1852 an exhibition was held to liquidate the debt on St. George the Martyr Church. The exhibition included a number of works loaned by the Boultons, including one by Cornelius Krieghoff, entitled Windmill. While his name is printed on the back, the work itself does not show the skill or characteristics of a Krieghoff. During a cleaning of the work in 1986, a different signature was found on a rock in the foreground. Even this signature is mysterious. “C. Stanfield, Roy’l Aca” might seem genuine, but the abbreviation that an artist of the Royal Academy would have used was “R.A.”
Madonna and Child (in the style of Raphael) was done by a prominent Canadian copyist who worked in Florence named Antoine Sebastian Falardeau. There is also a large cast plaster bust of Sir Charles Metcalfe, a mid-19th century governor general of Canada. It is the only known surviving copy, signed by Samuel Gardner, of what is possibly the earliest example of modelled sculpture produced in Ontario. A Canadian painting that is not a copy is a landscape by D. C. Grose, an itinerant English artist active in Toronto from 1860 to 1865.
How we’re celebrating this milestone
On June 5, we will display three paintings from the first exhibition near Walker Court, and Gallery Guides will be on hand to talk about them.
In The Grange, starting June 5 and for the rest of the summer, see a work from the first exhibition that has undergone partial conservation work and that revealed its secrets to an AGO intern who was conducting research on it.
Also in June, Gallery Guides will lead “100 Years AGO” tours of artworks that were made in and around 1913, discussing the art movements of the time.
Finally, cookies made from the 1913 Five Roses Flour Cookbook, the most popular cookbook in 1913, will be available in the Members Lounge and in caféAGO throughout June.
Max Dean, As Yet Untitled , 2007/670, Puma 550 industrial robot, found family snap shots, conveyor, shredder, metal, electronics, installation: 60” x 144” x 120” (152.4 x 365.8 x 304.8 cm), edition of 3. Gift of Jay Smith, David Fleck, Gilles Ouellette and Terry Burgoyne, 2007. Collection Art Gallery of Ontario. Photo by Sean Weaver/AGO.
By Sherry Phillips, Conservator of Contemporary and Inuit Art
“The viewer has the opportunity to determine the fate of found family photographs. The robot is programmed to pick up a photo from the hopper on the right, present it to the viewer, wait several seconds for a response before proceeding. Should the viewer choose to intervene by covering one or both of the hand silhouettes in front of them, the robot will place the photo in an archival box. Should the viewer choose not to act, the robot will place the photo in a shredder and the shredded photo will be conveyed to a pile. The robot runs continuously.” (Dean, 2013)
The passage above, taken from artist Max Dean’s website, provides a description of As Yet Untitled as the robot featured in the artwork might: succinct and detached, without any of the emotion we often attach to a family photo. Photographs are often the first personal possessions rescued from a fire or flood that has devastated a home. They are records of times past and loved ones who may no longer be with us. On the other hand, the photographs used in this artwork were all found, which means that someone discarded them. What circumstances could lead to the discarded family memories? And when faced with shredding or salvation, what response will the viewer, a stranger, choose for someone else’s photographic memories?
The concepts that the time-based media installation evokes are complex, and so are the physical components that allow it to operate. Like all pieces of technology, they need upkeep. The Conservation Department of the AGO is undertaking a restoration and mechanical upgrading of As Yet Untitled, in collaboration with Max Dean, Dr. Richard Voyles — associate professor in the University of Denver’s Department of Computer Engineering — and Marcel Verner of the Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Institute. The aim is to prepare the work, which became part of the AGO’s collection in 2007, to be exhibited and ensure that the technology is rugged and reliable well into the future. The work has been promised for loan to the city-wide Le Mois de la Photo, in Montreal, Quebec, September to October 2013.
Time-based media, meaning that time or duration is a dimension of the artwork and is revealed to the viewer over time, often involve a kinetic component. In the case of As Yet Untitled, there are several synchronized moving parts and as with any mechanical system, components wear or become obsolete. Unlike more traditional areas of art conservation, the conservation of contemporary art may involve the replacement of an artwork, in part or entirety, in order to continue the operation and comprehension as the artist intended. In this case, all components of the work will be inspected and upgraded as needed, and a new controller will be designed and programmed to correctly operate the various components. Max Dean as well as computer and robotics specialists will take the lead on upgrades to the mechanical and operational program systems and, as the conservator, my main role will be documentation of changes to the current format of the artwork.
Sherry will be conducting work on As Yet Untitled until mid-August, 2013, and will add updates to the blog along the way. Use this link to find more As Yet Untitled posts!
Curious about Conservation?
If you have a burning question about Conservation, leave a comment below. We’ll do our best to give you an answer in an upcoming Conservation Notes post.
Signature Partner of the AGO’s Conservation Program
AGO staff moved Floor Burger into the Conservation Department for the final phase of treatment in mid-February
If you’ve been following our Floor Burger conservation stories, you know that Sherry Phillips has a special relationship with this particular Claes Oldenburg sculpture. From October 2012 to March of this year, Sherry worked with the piece closely — sometimes very, very closely — getting it in tip-top shape for a short-term loan to the MoMA. To wrap up our Floor Burger series on a personal note, Sherry wrote about her experience accompanying the sculpture on its journey to the Big Apple. Read the rest of this entry »
How Gallery Guides are animating the Art Gallery of Ontario with digital content and conversation
Screen shot from the iBook Small Wonders for the Thomson European Collection of Art, which is available on Gallery Guide iPads.
For galleries and museums around the world, digital and mobile technologies are opening up endless opportunities to enhance visitors’ experience and form new connections between the art within our walls and the world outside. In this post Elyse Rodgers describes an initiative she has been working on during a year-long Education and Public Programming internship at the Art Gallery of Ontario. It combines mobile technology and the interpretive skills of our Gallery Guide volunteers to create rich and engaging conversations about art. Read the rest of this entry »
Jason Evans, A long, long time AGO / Media Productions / Lee, Gary, Pat, Danny, Zoé, Greg, Barb, 2012
Welsh photographer Jason Evans is the current photographer-in-residence at the AGO. As part the of Scotiabank CONTACT Photography Festival, his photo series featuring 12 groups of AGO staff members, A long, long time AGO, will be on view on the AGO’s Dundas Street façade and inside the Elizabeth & Tony Comper Gallery on Level 1 throughout May 2013. Evans, a 2012 Grange Prize nominee, will also facilitate public photography workshops focused on portraiture and at AGO 1st Thursdays on May 2, he will move through the Galleries with a roving DJ station, playing records from his personal collection for artworks in the AGO collection in a performance titled Music for Looking. Read the rest of this entry »
In celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Art Gallery of Ontario’s first exhibition, happening on June 5, 2013, the Conservation Department is highlighting a painting that was a part of that exhibition, entitled Landscape with Figures.
This painting was originally in the collection of the Boulton family, builders and first owners of The Grange. While we don’t know for sure whether it belonged to Sarah Anne or to Harriet Boulton, we do know that William and Harriet took an extended trip to Europe from 1856 to 1957. We also know that Landscape with Figures was not included in the 1852 bazaar for the liquidation of debt due on St. George the Martyr Church, which included many paintings from the Boultons, so they may not have owned the painting at that date. This may mean that it was more likely acquired by Harriet, rather than Sarah Anne. We can’t be sure when the painting arrived at The Grange, but we do know that Harriet’s father was consul general to the Netherlands, and it’s possible Harriet brought it with her from her childhood home in Boston.
From Molendi to Molenaer
In the summer of 2009, AGO conservation intern Emily Min made an amazing discovery. While cleaning a painting, a work at first attributed to unknown artist named “F. Molendi,” she discovered a gem amongst the soil, dust and debris. Surface cleaning revealed the signature, an obscured “K. Molenaer.” Compared with other examples of this Dutch artist’s signature, we could see it was a match.
Klaes Molenaer (c. 1630-1676) was a moderately successful landscape painter from Haarlem, an active cultural centre and the most lucrative location for artists to work in the Netherlands during the 17th century. Painters who would have counted among Molenaer’s contemporaries included Frans Hals, Salomon van Ruysdael and Jan Steen. A work by Molenaer augments an already strong collection of 17th-century Netherlandish work — from what was to become known as the Dutch Golden Age — at the AGO, and we are fortunate to have found another example from this period.
Landscape with Figures after varnish application
Treatment details
A partial conservation treatment reveals the appearance of the artwork before treatment and at various points during treatment. On the left, a preliminary, new varnish layer has re-saturated the appearance of the paint layers, but we have not yet done the inpainting (retouching) and final varnishing. We’ve surface-cleaned the centre area and removed the old varnish layer towards the left and only partially towards the right. The right side still has the old varnish and surface soiling in place. Surface cleaning and removal of a discoloured varnish layer will brighten the overall painting and return it to a truer representation of the artist’s original intent. The signature in the bottom right corner — very dark and obscured by a discoloured varnish — only became evident through close scrutiny and chance positioning of a bright light.
Paint-sample analysis by the Canadian Conservation Institute identified the nature of the unusual dark spots visible throughout the sky. Originally we thought that a resin may be migrating from the wood support through the paint layers to the surface of the artwork. CCI was able to establish, however, that the disfiguring spots were more likely caused by a drying oil migrating from the paint layers or older coating below the uppermost paint layers.
Conservation treatment on Landscape with Figures will eventually be completed but for now the painting is an informative illustration of the various stages of a painting conservation treatment stopped mid-way. Surface cleaning and varnish removal will continue in the right side of the painting and we will re-join the top and bottom panels. This will be followed by the application of an isolating, preliminary varnish layer before we do precise retouching with modern paints to disguise the dark spots and better visually reintegrate them with the surrounding original paint layers. Only then will we apply a final overall varnish layer.
We know that the painting has been restored at some point in the past, because sample analysis also revealed the presence of pigments that would not have been available during the artist’s lifetime. These pigments, Prussian blue (available starting in 1704) and cobalt blue (available 1803-04) appear to have been used to cover the disfiguring brown spots. We found the later pigments on top of a varnish layer, with original paint below.
Though we were able to identify the artist behind the work, the mystery remains as to how this painting came to Canada. Still, Harriet would have known that she owned a Molenaer, and now that the grit and grime from years of gas lighting and coal fires has been removed, so do we.
Compiled by Stephanie Gibson, Sherry Phillips, Jenny Rieger, Maria Sullivan
Curious about Conservation?
If you have a burning question about Conservation, leave a comment below. We’ll do our best to give you an answer in an upcoming Conservation Notes post.
Signature Partner of the AGO’s Conservation Program
This spring we’ll have a lot of Sorel Etrog’s work inside the Gallery, but we’re also seeking photos of his work to add to the map above. Etrog’s sculptures are visible in many public spaces around Toronto, from Sunlife at the corner of King Street and University Avenue to a cluster of works near Yonge and Davisville, and we’re inviting you to help us celebrate his impact on Toronto’s streetscape with your own photography.
Do you have your own photo of Etrog’s work to add, from around Toronto or beyond? Email the photo, title and date of the work (if available), the date when you took the photo and the location to seekingsorel@gmail.com and you could win a prize pack, including a Sorel Etrog exhibition catalogue, a poster and two passes to the exhibition Sorel Etrog.
Please note:
We’re happy to receive new views of the works already indicated on the map, as well as photos of other works in Toronto, both on the street and even inside buildings (just no trespassing, please). Some of Etrog’s sculptures are also in public spaces in cities around the world, so if you spotted one while travelling, we’d love to add those to map. Submissions are welcome from anyone, but due to the nature of the prizes, the contest is open only to residents of Canada (excluding Quebec).
About the exhibition:
Sorel Etrog, running April 27 to Sept. 29, 2013, is a career-spanning exhibition that will cast the artist in a new light in his adopted hometown of 54 years. It will include his archetypal sculptures as well as drawings, paintings, book illustrations and prints from the AGO’s collection and private collections. One of the highlights, and one of Etrog’s pivotal works, will be his rarely seen film, Spiral. This meditation on the human condition, from birth to death, will be a catalyst for renewed reflection on the accomplishments of one of Canada’s most diverse and challenging artists.
What is this thing?
The specimen in the video above, the larva of a webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella), was discovered in a cardboard box stored on top of a wool carpet in an administrative office. At only 5mm long, webbing clothes moth larvae can be very difficult to detect. The red wool fibres from the carpet — also visible in the video — provided the larva a steady source of food. At this stage in its life cycle, after hatching from an egg, the moth can cause the most damage, because larvae feed on material and produce frass (aka excrement) that will be a colour similar to the material that has been eaten (in this case the red fibre from the carpet).
What’s happening in the video?
Conservators Sherry Phillips and Maria Sullivan collected the larva and viewed it under microscope to identify the specimen, and the carpet was immediately wrapped and sealed to prevent further migration of pests, then placed in a chest freezer to eliminate any other larvae, eggs and adults in the carpet.
Where did it come from?
Moths can find their way into the Gallery on coats, clothing or on other items that staff or visitors carry. New artworks or materials are screened for pests before placement in the galleries or vaults.
So, what’s the big deal?
All galleries and museums need to be vigilant and pro-active in keeping pests under control. The goal of an effective pest-management program is to find and deal with these issues before they affect the collection, and so efforts extend to all areas of the building, not just in the galleries. Larvae can cause extensive damage to artwork made of or containing materials that have protein, such as natural fibres — particularly silk and wool — as well as hides and feathers. AGO staff monitor for pests throughout the building on a weekly basis to identify potential problems, because it is easier to prevent a problem than to deal with an infestation.
Curious about Conservation?
If you have a burning question about Conservation, leave a comment below. We’ll do our best to give you an answer in an upcoming Conservation Notes post.
Signature Partner of the AGO’s Conservation Program
Giotto di Bondone, Italian, about 1266 – 1337, The Peruzzi Altarpiece, tempera and gold leaf on panel, 105.7 x 250.2 cm, The North Carolina Museum of Art
A guest post by Sasha Suda, coordinating curator of Revealing the Early Renaissance and AGO assistant curator of European Art
Patti Smith and curator Sasha Suda look at Pacino di Bonaguida’s painting The Chiarito Tabernacle.
On March 9, 2013, Patti Smith came to the AGO to preview the Revealing the Early Renaissance exhibition. In preparation for her arrival, I read an interview where Patti described the inspiration that St. Francis brought to her work: “In this period of my life his idea of simplicity and of being close to nature is what I wish to aspire to. It’s simply his example. It’s that simple. He is a holistic example of how to conduct oneself in the world.”
In that same interview, she discussed helping to restore one of Giotto’s frescoes from his famous fresco series at the church of St. Francis of Assisi. This boded well — we have four works by Giotto in the exhibition, and even one image of St. Francis painted by the master himself (far-right panel in The Peruzzi Altarpiece, above).
Patti’s passion for the art on display was palpable as soon as she entered the exhibition space. It was clear that she had seen a great deal of medieval and Renaissance art — she hardly needed a guide.
After taking in the art, Patti asked me a question that addressed one of the exhibition’s most meaningful nuances: who was Pacino di Bonaguida and didn’t he seem to be doing something far more mystical than the other artists in the show?
Pacino di Bonaguida (active about 1303–about 1347), The Crucifixion, ca. 1315–20, tempera and gold leaf on panel, Fondazione di Studi di Storia dell’Arte Roberto Longhi, (cat. 1980, n. 19.), EX.2012.2.16, cat. 4
Specifically, Patti asked about the Longhi Crucifixion (see left) painted by Pacino. “Why is the background black?” Pacino approached imagery in new ways — painting the black background to accurately depict the biblical account describing the darkness that followed Christ’s crucifixion. “I’m sure that Pacino was a mystic,” I explained to Patti. “He chooses the theological resonance of darkness over the opulence of a gold background.” My favourite part of this painting, I confessed, was Mary Magdalene’s hair — “Isn’t it wild?”
Patti took the painting in for a moment more, and but it wasn’t until that night that I realized what she had been thinking about. During her performance at the Queen Elizabeth Theatre, she incorporated our conversation into her song Beneath the Southern Cross (click here to watch her perform the song and hear what she had to say).
Seeing and hearing Patti Smith riff off of Pacino di Bonaguida, the great early Renaissance manuscript painter, was one of my best-ever curatorial moments. Thanks, Patti.
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Jon Rafman, Brand New Paint Job (Emily Carr Master Bedroom), 2013, digital image.
In April 2012, we joined dozens of other galleries and museums worldwide who are sharing their collections through Google Art Project, which allows users to explore a wide range of artworks at brushstroke level detail and build their own collections to share. Our initial GAP collection shared 43 high-resolution images and represented the work of 38 artists.
This year, as other Canadian organizations are adding their collections to GAP, we’re excited to expand ours, bringing the total number of artworks to 97. Our new additions include pieces by 10 celebrated Canadian artists: Tom Thomson, Emily Carr, J.E.H. MacDonald, Franklin Carmichael, Paul Peel, Morrice Cullen, James Wilson Morrice, Mary Hiester Reid, Cornelius Krieghoff and Helen Galloway McNicoll.
Another new addition to our GAP collection is the work of contemporary Canadian artist Jon Rafman. We’re excited to present his series of digital images alongside the works from our collection that inspired their creation. Below, read a summary of the project by its curator, Stefan Hancherow, and see more of Rafman’s work. Read the rest of this entry »
